Historical development of criminology

Historical Development of criminology:-

 In early period there was no any concept that crime is violation law. At that time there was no any legal law system present, in that time people sought out their problems by “ Natural law” . Change definition of crime in early period as compare today:

 Theology:

 study of religious faiths and believes. 

 1) Theological perspective: 

 In early period their were no any deference between crime and sin. While today crime consider as violation against the state law, sin consider as violation against divine law or natural law. Though, at that time if natural disasters attack on them ( tsunami, earthquake, flood etc.) they used to say that there are some non-religious people around us that’s why these disasters happens.

 Explanation: 

 In early centuries the explanation of crime was very different. In that time crime and sin was same for them. They used to explain crime in that sense that whoever is doing something against our religion or our religious law he is committing crime.

 2) Supernatural explanation of the crime:-

Demonological Thoughts

                                                                               In early period people had this type of thinking that whoever is committing crime actually he is not committing crime their are some supernatural or evil devil forces that compels to comment crime. Also they were used to deal with offender and innocent in different traits. Like , 

Punishments:-

In early period there were at least 200 ways of punishment for offenders. Those 200 traits of punishment totally inhuman or such a cruel way to punish offender. They used to punish the offender as through them into boil oil , stretch the skin of alive person, cut the body pieces such as eyes , ears , nose etc. And many more these kind of traits of punishment they were used . After some period society came in following 

1)Trial by battle 

 2)Trial by ordeal

 3) System of compurgation 

 Trial by battle: 

 It was first trait to know offender and victim, in this trait there was “ war “ between offender and victim. They both have to prove that themselves by fighting on an open ground, god was said to give victory to innocent party and whoever got success was considered as innocent , whoever got failure was considered as guilty. And then cruelly punished by feudal that method was valid and continued few years after peoples learn the techniques and skills of fighting by making themselves physically strong. After that method people started to making bodybuilding to get success in open fight. After few years they thought that this method is not enough for preventing crime therefore that method replaced with another.

 Trial by Ordeal :-

 The term ordeal means to “ set a difficult moment for someone” , or test someone with painful and dangerous way. In that method one have to prove himself that he is not guilty or innocent. In that method offender had difficult and painful test from which innocent person would be unharmed or offender have painful death. There were deferent forms of ordeals used by deferent communities to know the offender and victim , which are given below : 

 • Ordeal : ( Ordeal by Fire ) 

This type of ordeal in which offender and victim both are ordered by to walk on fire to prove thireself innocent or guilty , after walking on fire wounds were checked if they heated more that person considered as offender and less wound person considered as innocent . Otherwise both were guilty if the wounds were equal. 

• Ordeal : ( Ordeal by Water )

The second type of ordeal was ordeal by water , in which offender had to proved himself innocent by surfing in water through floating when he was into water with tied hands.

 • Ordeal : ( Ordeal by Hot Rod )

In this type of ordeal the person had to took the hot rod , if he refused to took it he would be considered as guilty but if he took the hot rod then after 3 or 4 days he or she would be checked and feudal would gave punishments if his wounds would not heated properly. 

 • Private system :

In that time people used to dealt their problems by private system. In that system victim and offender both sought out their methods with their selves.

 • System of compugration :

It reflects modern judiciary, after announced that system somehow society came in right shaped . In that system their were jury system inaugurated to dealt with crime solution. In that system their were 12 wise men selected from the society which are already free from crime they used to listen properly case causation and then they declare the decision with consult to each other . Also those 12 people considered as “ peoples of God” .